Christmas I (year A)- Matthew 2:13-23

 The gospel for this Sunday after Christmas is from Matthew 2. It recounts events after the departure of the Magi.  Joseph was warned to take the Holy Family to Egypt for safety, and King Herod I tried to eliminate the threat of the Messiah to his dynasty by killing male children in Bethlehem under two years of age. Later, after Herod's death, the family returned to Palestine. Joseph decided that Nazareth would be safer for the young Jesus than Bethlehem.

These events remind us that sin, death, and evil were very much at work in the world around the time of Christ's Birth. The Christ Child was feared and hated, and His innocent contemporaries were killed. The world is still much the same. The holy child is still not universally welcomed, and evil people still destroy the innocent to preserve their power, wealth, or comfort.

Despite such evil, God's work in the world continues. Just as evil did not destroy Christ, so in our time the redemptive work of Jesus Christ is not defeated. Evil still causes much suffering, even among the most innocent, but divine truth, love, and grace continue and will continue to the end of the age and beyond! The Gospel, whether around Christmas or around Easter, assures us that God's goodness triumphs over evil!

Christmas (year A)

 In certain respects, Christmas is the beginning of the Gospel story, which reaches its climax on Good Friday and Easter Sunday. There are many passages of Scripture associated with the birth of Jesus. There are Old Testament prophecies and epistle readings. And of course, there are the Gospel accounts from Matthew, Luke, and John. Each of these Gospels has its own beauty and meaning. We might say that Matthew 1-2 focuses on Joseph's perspective, that Luke 1-2 reflects the point of view of the Virgin Mary, and that John 1 emphasizes the timeless theological meaning. 

All these Scriptures complement one another, and the Gospels, in particular, provide believers with the truth we need for meditating on the significance of Christ's Birth. Many of us recall lovely childhood Nativity pageants, but adults need to move beyond that level. The Scriptures point us to deeper nourishment for the heart, mind, and soul. Scripture teaches us the truth that Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, "came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the Virgin Mary, and was made man" for us and for our salvation (Nicene Creed). 

In other words, Scripture teaches us that Christmas is about more than a family festival or the birthday of a great man; it is about our eternal salvation. Faith in Christ our Savior is where we need to focus our attention. Of course, we should have faith in Him every day, but we need a special time of emphasis on His Incarnation. We need more than a few moments on Christmas Eve, and church tradition suggests at least for twelve days. Meditating on the meaning of Jesus' Birth at this time can help us better appreciate the entire Gospel message as we move through the church year. 

Prayers and wishes for a blessed and meaningful Christmas!

Advent 4 (year A)- Isaiah 7:10-17; Matthew 1:18-25

 For this Fourth Sunday of Advent, the Scripture readings emphasize the expectation of the Messiah's birth. The Old Testament selection from Isaiah 7:10-17 is a famous prophecy that contains both a warning and a promise of redemption. The hopeful promise is the sign of the child born of a virgin. This child will be called Immanuel, "God with us." Of course, Christians believe that this prophetic hope is fulfilled in Jesus, who is the Christ.

Matthew 1:18-25 is an account of Jesus' birth from Joseph's perspective. After an initial shock and hesitation, through divine guidance, Joseph comes to accept the virgin birth. He trusts in the holiness of his betrothed and the son she will bear. He is instructed to call Him Jesus, a name which comes from Hebrew meaning "the Lord will save." This brief account reminds us of two realities. It affirms the importance of Joseph's role in the plan for redemption, and it also points beyond Joseph to the greater importance of Jesus, the Redeemer. Let us honor Joseph's holiness and faith as well as Mary's. Even more importantly, let us appreciate the holiness of Christ our Redeemer, the true reason for the coming Christmas celebration!

Advent 3 (year A)- Matthew 11:2-15

 The readings for the Third Sunday of Advent continue to emphasize the prophetic message and the hope for deliverance. The New Testament reading is from the letter of James. The theme of James 5:7-11 is contained in the opening verse- "Be patient, therefore, brothers, until the coming of the Lord" (ESV). Christians live between the times, between Christ's great work of redemption and His return in final triumph. As we consider this situation, we are called to live in patience and hope.

The Gospel from Matthew 11:2-15 shows John the Baptist in prison (where he will soon be unjustly executed). He sends two of his followers to Jesus, and they ask if Jesus is the anticipated Messiah or Christ. Whatever John's motives for sending his disciples to see Jesus, Jesus replies with a two-fold proclamation. First, He points to the redemptive acts taking place in His own ministry. The prophecies are being fulfilled. Secondly, Jesus affirms the purpose and value of the work of John the Baptist. He has prepared the way. Then, our Lord concludes with an exhortation to His hearers to hear; that is, they should be sensitive and perceptive to the great spiritual events of their day.

Advent is a season for us to be more aware of God's warnings and promises. It is a time to reflect on the need for redemption. May we have ears to hear! In other words, may we be sensitive and perceptive to God's redemptive work in the coming of Jesus the Messiah!

Advent 2 (year A)- Isaiah 11:1-10; Matthew 3: 1-12

 The readings for the Second Sunday of Advent focus on prophecy in differing ways. There are two great characteristics of prophecy: foretelling or predicting and forth-telling or proclaiming. Both aspects are important. Biblical prophecy predicts certain future events in the divine plan; it also proclaims the message of divine redemption. During Advent, we see both aspects of prophecy in our readings.

The Old Testament lesson is the famous passage from Isaiah 11:1-10. It looks forward to a time when an ideal king will arise from the house of Jesse, the father of King David. This anointed ruler or Messiah will fulfill God's promises to Israel. He will bring true redemption. Of course, Christians see the fulfillment of this prophecy in the person of Jesus of Nazareth.

The Gospel selection is from Matthew 3:1-12. It concerns the work of John the Baptist. He fulfills certain prophecies from the past; he is also the last of the Hebrew prophets pointing to the Messiah. He preaches repentance and redemption, and he points to his cousin Jesus. May the divinely inspired message of the Biblical prophets move us to faith in Jesus and lives consistent with their message!

Pentecost 23 (year C proper 28)- Luke 21:5-28

Once again, a church year is drawing to a close, and the Scripture readings point us to the theme of earthly endings. The Gospel from Luke 21 contains several teachings of our Lord about the end of worldly things and the consummation of the divine kingdom. Many Christians are not very fond of these topics. Nevertheless, thoughts about these matters are aspects of human experience, and reflections about the last things (technically called "eschatology") are important teachings of Scripture. From our Lord's teachings in Luke 21, let us highlight three points.

Point 1. In Luke 21:8, Jesus warns us to beware of false messiahs or false leaders. Many false preachers, philosophers, politicians, educators, scientists, etc., claim the ability to solve all human problems. Sometimes, such people may be impressive, but they cannot bring true redemption; therefore, we should be cautious about all human leaders and institutions.

Point 2. In Luke 21:9-17, our Lord tells us to expect disorders, natural disasters, diseases, and times of persecution for as long as earthly life endures. Worldly chaos and danger are disturbing. They may test us, and they certainly remind us of the transitory nature of earthly life, but they do not mean that the end is coming immediately.

Point 3. In Luke 21:27-28, Christ concludes our selection. He reminds us that final redemption only comes through the divine Son of Man, that is, through our Lord Jesus Christ Himself. At the end of earthly history, the Savior will return “in a cloud with power and great glory.” So believers must always remain hopeful. During the worst of times in our individual lives and in world history, Christ is near His people. He encourages His followers to be confident because His redemption will come. In the end, God’s will shall be done, and His kingdom shall come!

These teachings from our Gospel have been Christian affirmations from the first century to our time. As Christians, Jesus Christ has given us a meaningful perspective on the problems of the world and the trials of our individual lives. We believe that God created this world and has a plan to redeem faithful souls. We acknowledge that evil has entered God’s good creation and that human beings have become corrupt. However, we also believe that the goodness, love, and grace of God will have the final say. The goodness of God in Jesus Christ has already won great victories over evil, and in the end, He will totally defeat evil!

Pentecost 22 (year C proper 27)- 2 Thessalonians 2; Luke 20:27-40

 This Sunday is the Twenty-second Sunday after Pentecost, and we are moving toward the end of the church year. The readings for the latter part of the church year, as well as those at the beginning of Advent, highlight Christian teachings about the last or end things (in theological terminology called eschatology from the NT Greek eschatos, "last"). The Old Testament prophets and the New Testament Epistles and Gospels are filled with teachings about the last things, both about the end of worldly history and the end of individual earthly life.

We see two aspects of teachings about the last things in our readings from 2 Thessalonians 2:1-8, 13-17 and Luke 20:27-40. In 2 Thessalonians 2, the Apostle Paul does two things. The Apostle warns believers about enduring worldly problems, which will lead to the man of sin (usually identified as the great Antichrist) and his defeat by Christ. Paul also encourages believers to hold on to their good traditions about the love, mercy, and grace of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Luke 20:27-40 recounts an encounter between Jesus and some Sadducees over the topic of the resurrection of the dead. The Sadducees were a party drawn from the Jewish priestly establishment, and they were very this worldly in outlook. In particular, they did not expect any meaningful afterlife, and they ridiculed the idea of bodily resurrection. These Sadducees come to test Jesus by using an extreme and even ridiculous case about seven unfortunate brothers and one unfortunate woman. They don't expect any resurrection, but they want Jesus to answer the question, "To whom will the woman be married in the world to come?" 

Of course, Jesus sees their cynicism and refuses to play their legalistic game. He points out that life in the resurrected state will be different from life in this world. Marriage is a sacred and valuable institution for earthly life, but heavenly and spiritual life will transcend its categories. The basic identities of human beings will continue in the world to come, but the temporary conditions of earthly life will pass away. Resurrection life will leave behind worldly problems. It will be angelic, spiritual, and glorious.

Pentecost 19 (year C proper 24)- 2 Timothy 3; Luke 18

 Our NT or epistle reading for this Sunday is about solid foundations and persistence. In 2 Timothy 3 & 4, the Apostle Paul speaks about holding fast to solid foundations in faith. Paul urges his younger colleague, Timothy, to remain persistent in his Christian faith and ministry. In 2 Timothy 3:15, Paul tells his young colleague that the Scriptures can make him “wise unto salvation through faith” in Christ Jesus (KJV). Creating and sustaining faith in Christ is a central purpose of the Bible. Timothy has had a solid foundation in biblical teaching since childhood, but he must not take this foundation for granted; he must continue to pursue faithfulness to Christ and a deep devotion to Scripture.

The key verse is 2 Timothy 3:16: “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, and for instruction in righteousness.” (KJV) In other words, the whole Bible is divinely inspired. Human copyists, translators, and interpreters can make mistakes, and readers may not understand or apply every word perfectly. Nevertheless, divine revelation is generally clear, and it is our infallible guide.

The Gospel for this Sunday from Luke 18:1-8 contains a striking teaching. Jesus tells the parable of the Unjust Judge, which teaches the value of persisting in prayer. The corrupt judge doesn’t care about his legal responsibility, but he eventually grants justice to a poor but persistent widow. The point of the parable is this: If even a corrupt human judge might be persuaded to hear the case of a powerless person, then we should certainly expect our just, gracious, and merciful heavenly Father to respond to our constant prayers for His blessings.

Thus, the Epistle and the Gospel for this Sunday highlight the value of persisting or persevering in basic Christian devotion. We must remain rooted in the teachings of Holy Scripture, and we continue to be constant in prayer. These two foundations guide and assist us in many areas of spirituality, morality, true piety, and service.

Pentecost 18 (year C proper 23)- 2 Timothy 2:1-13 Luke 17:11-19

On this Eighteenth Sunday after Pentecost, the epistle reading is from 2 Timothy 2:1-13. The Apostle Paul exhorts Timothy and us to be good soldiers of Christ. There are military, athletic, and farming comparisons to emphasize commitment and discipline.  At the end of the passage, Paul presents what some consider to be an early Christian creed emphasizing the centrality of the work of Jesus Christ.  2 Timothy 2:11-13 says, "Here is a trustworthy saying:  If we died with him, we will also live with him; if we endure, we will also reign with him. If we disown him, he will also disown us; if we are faithless, he remains faithful, for he cannot disown himself."

The Gospel selection is from Luke 17:11-19. On the way to Jerusalem, Jesus passes between Samaria and Galilee. He is met by ten lepers who ask Him to have mercy. When they are healed on the way, only one returns to thank Jesus, and he is a Samaritan. This reminds us that divine grace and healing as well as faith and gratitude are not limited by human political or social boundaries. God in Christ cares for all, and the appropriate human response is grateful faith.

Pentecost 17(year C proper 22)- 2 Timothy 1; Luke 17

 For the Seventeenth Sunday after Pentecost, the second or epistle reading is from 2 Timothy 1:1-14. At the beginning of this letter, the Apostle Paul reminds his fellow pastor of their heritage of faith and exhorts Timothy to remain a faithful and courageous witness to the good news of our Lord Jesus Christ. Despite any worldly difficulties, believers should hold on to and unashamedly follow the sound words of the Christian message.

The Gospel reading is from Luke 17:1-10. In these verses, Jesus begins with a warning about temptation. In this world, there will always be temptations, but Christ's followers must avoid being sources of temptation for others, especially for those who are weaker or more vulnerable. As believers, we must watch ourselves, rebuke evil we encounter, and be ready to forgive those who repent. In Luke 17:5, the apostles seem to fear that they lack sufficient faith to live this way, but our Lord assures them in symbolic language that even a little faith can be powerful through God's grace. 

Then in Luke 17:7-10, Christ exhorts His followers to pursue a life of humble service to God. Contrary to the human tendency to be too proud, Christians must accept their proper role in God's household. We should not expect great praise for simply doing our duty. As Luke 17:10 says, "So likewise ye, when ye shall have done all those things which are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable servants; we have done that which was our duty to do." (KJV) Such an attitude before God is the result of living faith and is the basis of true Christian living.

Pentecost 16 (year C proper 21)- Luke 16:19-31

 The readings for this Sixteenth Sunday after Pentecost are notable passages. The Old Testament selection from Amos 6 is a prophetic warning to selfish, rich Israelites who ignore the poor among God's people. The Epistle selection from 1 Timothy 3:1-15 deals with the qualities expected of church leaders. Pastors and assistants should profess sound doctrine and pursue good behavior. Although human beings remain imperfect, church leaders have a high calling that is especially important for the well-being of Christ's church and for the Christian witness in this world.

The Gospel from Luke 16:19-31 is Jesus' parable of the rich man and poor Lazarus. It concerns spiritual and moral attitudes and actions, and it shows the impact of such attitudes and actions on one's eternal destiny. The Hebrew Law and Prophets as well as the natural law engraved in human hearts, teach us about God's expectations. All generally sane people are spiritually and morally accountable. Therefore, we must turn to Christ's Gospel. Called, guided, and assisted by divine grace, each of us must respond and make choices about our relationships with God and our neighbors. And those responses determine our condition in this world and the world to come.

Pentecost 14 (year C proper 19)- I Timothy 1:15

 On this Fourteenth Sunday after Pentecost, the Scripture lessons emphasize God's will to save the lost. In particular, we see this in the second or epistle lesson from I Timothy 1:12-17. The Apostle Paul points out how Christ sought him out to serve Him. Speaking of himself and others, Paul summarizes the Christian message in I Timothy 1:15, "The saying is trustworthy and deserving of full acceptance, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners...."  

Nowadays, some polite Christians may hesitate to speak of people being lost sinners who need to be saved. However, Scripture in general and our Lord Jesus Christ, in particular, are not hesitant to speak of lost sinners who need to be saved. According to Holy Scripture, all human beings have fallen into sin and need to be saved by divine grace.  Even the best human beings are spiritually lost and need to be found by Christ and His Church.

Like St. Paul, each of us should acknowledge that we are sinners who need a Savior. All of us are fallen sinners. All of us have been lost, and we all have a tendency to wander repeatedly. So we all depend upon divine mercy, grace, and persistence in seeking us out-- in the past, in the present, and in each new day. God in Christ continues to seek us through Word and Sacrament, and we need to be open to being found by Him.

So let us be open to God’s work in our lives. Let us accept the salvation Christ offers, and let us respond in gratitude by sharing the message with others. May each of us acknowledge our Savior, and may each of us do our small part to speak of His work to others!

Pentecost 13 (year C proper 18)- Luke 14:25-35

 The Gospel for the Thirteenth Sunday after Pentecost is from Luke 14:25-33, where Jesus speaks of the cost of discipleship. Being a follower of Christ means placing Him first and bearing one's cross. While there are great joys to the Christian life, it is not easy to follow our Lord, and people need to be realistic. Disciples must be prepared to give up everything for the sake of Christ. Even the closest human ties may be strained or broken by following Jesus. Life itself, or life as we prefer it, can be part of the cost of Christian commitment. As Christians, we need to do two things: we must be aware of the cost of discipleship, and we must depend upon divine grace to sustain us.

Pentecost 12 (year C proper 17)- Luke 14:1-14

The readings for this Twelfth Sunday after Pentecost are filled with valuable practical advice. The selections from  Proverbs 25:2-10, Psalm 131, Hebrews 13:1-17, and  Luke 14:1, 7-14 all emphasize the importance of good conduct, especially of behaving humbly.  Despite such general connections, however, the Gospel from Luke 14 is distinctive because its intent is more spiritual than moral. 

While the other passages can easily be applied to sensible social behavior, the Gospel from Luke 14 contains a parable about the kingdom of God. This parable emphasizes reverence and humility before God. We must never presume too much for ourselves. We are lowly guests who depend upon the graciousness of our divine host, and there may be many other guests who deserve as much or more honor than we do. We should always come into the divine presence accepting our lowliness. And if God chooses to invite us higher, then we should be grateful. Such an attitude should be at the heart of Christian worship and Christian living!

Pentecost 11 (year C proper 16)- Luke 13:22-30

The Gospel for this Eleventh Sunday after Pentecost is from Luke 13:22-30. As Jesus begins His final trip toward Jerusalem, where He will face rejection, suffering, death, and resurrection, someone asks Him whether many or few will be saved. Instead of commenting on human speculations about the number of those who will be saved, our Lord tells a parable about being invited to a feast or banquet. 

In the parable, a gracious homeowner has invited people to a feast. Each person invited must respond appropriately. An appropriate response includes getting ready, arriving on time, and entering through the designated door to be greeted personally by the host. The host is generous, but he expects the guests to respond appreciatively and make some effort. So it is with the kingdom of God. Many receive a gracious divine invitation. but God expects a suitable response. Those invited must accept the invitation and enter when and how He indicates. Procrastination can be dangerous. Failing to prepare and follow instructions may lead to a sorrowful exclusion from the heavenly feast.

With this parable, Christ warns people to take the invitation to feast in God's presence seriously. The divine host sets the conditions for entering the heavenly kingdom, and the human guests need to respond in appropriate ways. The invitation of the Holy One must not be taken for granted; it must be respected and the host's expectations must be accepted in humble gratitude.

Pentecost 10 (year C proper 15)- Luke 12: 49-56

The Gospel for this Tenth Sunday after Pentecost can be considered in two brief but distinct sections. Both sections refer to the worldly difficulties facing would-be disciples. The first teaching, Luke 12:49-53, is a warning for the inner group of disciples. They prefer to view Christ as the Prince of Peace. In a sense, He is, but His peace is not always obvious in this world. In Luke 12:51, Jesus says, "Do you think that I have come to give peace on earth? No, I tell you, but rather division" (ESV). Christ's followers must not expect everyone to agree about following Him; even members of their own families may be opponents.

The second section, found in Luke 12:54-56, is a warning to the whole crowd of listeners. Sometimes, people may have some ideas about what to expect from the weather, but they tend to be poor interpreters of the signs of the times. Human beings tend to ignore what God is doing in the world. They are not sensitive to spiritual matters of judgment and redemption. They do not recognize what God is doing through Jesus Christ.

These two warnings of our Lord are especially applicable in our day and time. Human beings often talk about peace, but they do not always truly understand it. A commitment to Jesus does not necessarily bring peace to natural or ecclesial households. Likewise, many people might accurately see some problems in society or nature. However, most people, including many church-goers, avoid giving much serious attention to the spiritual matters of divine judgment and redemption.

We should all heed Christ's warnings because, in them, He seeks to make us more morally and spiritually aware. He calls all people to repentance, He encourages us to have faith, and He exhorts us to persevere during trying times. By His grace, may we hear and respond!

Pentecost 9 (year C proper 14) Luke 12: 32-40

The Gospel for the Ninth Sunday after Pentecost is a selection from a chapter that begins with the issue of material concerns. There is the parable of the foolish rich man and advice about not worrying over material or physical issues. The first section of today's reading (Luke 12:32-34) reminds us to focus on the kingdom of God and heavenly or spiritual treasure. In the second section of this reading (Luke 12:35-40), Christ gives the example of blessed servants who are ready for their master's arrival. Jesus exhorts believers to be prepared for His arrival always. 

At first glance, there might seem to be a conflict between the teaching not to worry and the teaching to make sure that one is always ready. However, upon reflection, one can see that these two principles go together. If we truly trust in God and His love, then we place Him and His kingdom first. Our treasure is heavenly. Despite our changing earthly conditions, we look to the triune God in confidence above and beyond all earthly matters. Then, we respond in gratitude and faith by living in constant readiness for His presence. We expect the Lord to come among us, now, throughout our lives, and at the last hour of earthly history.

Pentecost 8 (year C proper 13)- Luke 12: 13-21

The Gospel for the Eighth Sunday after Pentecost is Luke 12:13-21. A man wants Jesus to intervene in an inheritance dispute, but our Lord refuses and tells a parable to point to higher values. This parable speaks of a rich man who is never content with his possessions and always wants more. While making plans to replace his old barns, the soul of the rich man is suddenly required of him. 

A main point of this parable is in Luke 12:15. Jesus says, “Take care, and be on your guard against all covetousness, for one's life does not consist in the abundance of his possessions.” (ESV) Human beings are physical as well as spiritual creations. That means that we do have legitimate physical and material concerns. We can pray for daily bread, clothing, and shelter. We can and should do some prudent planning for ourselves and our families, and we should care for the physical needs of other people. 

Nevertheless, there are inherent spiritual and moral temptations and dangers in dealing with the material aspect of life. We have to seek the right priorities in order for life to be meaningful and well-ordered. We must not allow our physical and material needs to dominate our lives. Instead, we need to place spiritual matters first.  As Luke 12:21 indicates, we must not lay up treasures for ourselves without being rich toward God.  Choosing the right priorities does not come easily or naturally. It only comes with the help of divine grace. So we need grace to keep learning to place spiritual issues ahead of our physical comforts and possessions. We must turn to God's Word prayerfully and seek divine help to develop and maintain a proper perspective on the material aspects of life.

Pentecost 7 (year C proper 12)- Luke 11:1-13- Prayer

 The Gospel for this Seventh Sunday after Pentecost is from Luke 11:1-13. It begins with a disciple asking for instruction in prayer. The request results in Luke's sort version of the Lord's Prayer. Then in Luke 11:5-13, our Lord gives a general encouragement to pray that is illustrated by two short parables and concludes with a brief statement about prayer.

The Lord's Prayer is at the heart of the Christian devotional life. Its words and its pattern provide basic guidance for spirituality and worship. Briefly, it teaches believers that God is our heavenly Father who is to be honored and served on earth as in heaven. We pray that His rule may be known everywhere and that He will always be merciful to our bodily and spiritual needs. We depend on His mercy and forgiveness to us, sinful creatures, and we should be merciful to others. We must always depend upon His guidance and His power to deliver us from evil of all kinds.

In the two parables, Jesus stresses the need for us to be persistent in prayer, to keep asking for divine help.  We should also trust God, who is good and loving, to give spiritual blessings to those who pray. So, in today's Gospel, besides providing a meaningful basic prayer, Christ teaches His followers two general principles about prayer. 1) Never stop praying; be persistent. 2) Aware of God's fatherly love for believers, be confident that the spiritual results of prayer will be good for us. As we pray daily and weekly, individually and corporately, let us keep both the Lord's Prayer and these two great principles in mind!

Pentecost 6 (year C proper 11)- Luke 10:38-42

The Gospel for this Sixth Sunday after Pentecost is from Luke 10:38-42, and it deals with the attitudes of Martha and Mary of Bethany. These two women and their brother Lazarus were followers of Jesus, and they practiced the virtue of hospitality toward Him and the apostles on more than one occasion. Today's short account adds an important detail. The house actually belongs to Martha, and she is determined to be a good hostess. Her sister Mary is more relaxed, and she takes the time to sit at Jesus' feet and learn from His teaching.

In differing ways, both sisters love Jesus and do good things, but Jesus says that Mary has chosen the better way. Her attitude and priorities are more spiritual. Hard work and social duty have their place. Serving guests is a good deed. Concern for human physical needs is valid. Yet, such concerns should be subordinate to higher values, such as feeding the heart, mind, and soul. Sometimes, mundane concerns should be on pause while we relax and pursue spiritual matters. In other words, we all need time to calm down and spend time with Jesus!

Pentecost 5 (year C proper 10 )- Luke 10:25-37

 The Gospel for the Fifth Sunday after Pentecost is from Luke 10:25-37. This passage contains the Parable of the Good Samaritan. In the parable, a despised Samaritan shows greater compassion toward a wounded Jew than representatives of the Jewish religious elite do.  This striking parable is very important as an encouragement to show mercy.  Unfortunately, the story has often been taken out of context and simplified so that it just means "be nice to everybody." Although Christians certainly should be kind and should show mercy to other people, the context in the Gospel deals with a more basic spiritual and moral issue.

The issue concerns the attitudes toward both God and neighbor that lead to eternal life. The Parable of the Good Samaritan is addressed to an outwardly pious lawyer. The man likes to follow the rules, and he wants to test Jesus. The man thinks that he already has all the answers. However, instead of debating the man, Jesus tells a story that transcends legalistic categories. The point is that any human being can be a neighbor, and basic attitudes and actions are more important than social conventions. Qualities such as faith, love, mercy, sincerity, fairness, etc., transcend legal definitions and societal norms. 

Although rules can be of some practical use as guides, the underlying attitudes accompanied by kind deeds are the key. So the parable is not a legalistic principle. Rather, it is an encouragement to seek divine grace and embody loving attitudes to God and neighbor!

Pentecost 4 (year C proper 9)- Luke 10: 1-20

 The Gospel for this Fourth Sunday after Pentecost is the account of the sending forth of the seventy (seventy-two in some manuscripts) from Luke 10:1-20. When we think of Jesus' followers in the New Testament, we usually focus on the Twelve. The Twelve are certainly important, but we should remember that there are others involved in Christ's mission from the beginning.

The mission of the Seventy is to prepare localities for the personal ministry of Jesus. On this preparatory mission, the disciples travel lightly and bring the message of repentance and faith in the kingdom of God. They also do deeds of healing and mercy. They are warned not to expect universal success. Some people and some places will not be open to Christ and His message. In such cases, the disciples are not to waste their time and energy. Rather, they are to warn people of the dangers of rejecting Christ and move on to minister elsewhere.

In our time, Christians still have a similar mission. We still try to prepare people to receive Jesus Christ. We continue to perform deeds of mercy and call people to repentance and religious faith in Christ and His kingdom. Yet, we also recognize that everyone will not be open to the Gospel. So at times, we must simply warn people of spiritual danger and move on. Finally, as Christ tells the disciples in Luke 10:20, we should not rejoice in our external successes, "but rather rejoice that your names are written in heaven."

Pentecost 2 (year C proper 7)- Luke 8: 26-39

The Gospel for this Second Sunday after Pentecost is from Luke 8:26-39. Jesus and the disciples sail across the Sea of  Galilee into the Gentile region of the Gerasenes. When they land, Jesus encounters a man possessed by multiple demons. When the demons are cast out, they enter into a herd of pigs which are driven mad and drown. The people of the region do not have a positive reaction. They are terrified and ask Jesus to go away.

The man healed from demons has a very different reaction. He becomes a healthy and positive person. He is clothed and in his right mind. In gratitude, he wishes to accompany Jesus. But Jesus gives the man another kind of mission. The man is called to return to his home in order to witness to God's work in his life. In Luke 8:39 (ESV), Jesus says, “Return to your home, and declare how much God has done for you.” And the man went away, telling everyone he met how much Jesus had done for him. The healed man continues the work of Christ in his own local.

As Christians, we too receive healing from our worst spiritual infirmities. We want to follow Jesus and serve Him. Sometimes, He asks people to follow Him into new and strange places. However, at other times, He simply calls people to return home and tell family, friends, and neighbors what God has done for us. Wherever Jesus Christ calls us to serve Him, our vocation and mission is to be faithful and witness to God's redeeming work through Christ.

Trinity Sunday (year C)- John 8: 48-59

 Emphasizing the Holy Trinity on the Sunday after Pentecost is fitting because the powerful descent of the Holy Spirit disciples marks a final step in the Trinitarian revelation. The doctrine of the Holy Trinity tells us about the nature of God and summarizes the whole Biblical message. Although this doctrine is a high mystery that transcends natural human understanding, it also has practical implications for Christian faith and practice.

There are numerous New Testament texts (such as Matthew 3:16-17, Matthew 28:19, John 3: 1-16, Ephesians 2:18, 2 Corinthians 13: 14, and 1 Peter 1:2) which show a Trinitarian understanding of God's revelation to humanity. This Sunday's Gospel from John 8:48-59 emphasizes one aspect of this revelation, the divine nature of Jesus. Together all Scripture affirms the love of God the Father, the Incarnation of God the Son in our Savior Jesus Christ, and the work of the Holy Spirit in giving a new spiritual birth to those who believe in Christ.

A belief in the Holy Trinity was expressed in ancient Christian baptismal questions about God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. These questions and answers became the basis for creeds such as the Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed. So even though the Trinity can be discussed using complicated theological concepts, Christians affirm or confess this basic doctrine for reasons of living faith. The doctrine of the Trinity is a biblical Christian belief that is deeply rooted in the experience of redemption and in Christian worship and prayer. The God we worship and pray to is Triune. The Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit share one divine essence and work together in perfect love to redeem poor sinful human beings. The doctrine of the Trinity is really at the heart of the Gospel!

Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, as it was in the beginning, is now and will be forever. Amen.

Pentecost (year C)- John 14

 This Sunday is Pentecost. The name Pentecost from the Greek word for fifty or the fiftieth day was applied to the Jewish Festival of Weeks. At this festival, the Holy Spirit descended upon Christ's disciples in a powerful new way (Acts 2). We can say many things about the Holy Spirit, but one of my favorite verses is from the Gospel of John. In John 14:26, Jesus tells the disciples, "But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he will teach you all things and bring to your remembrance all that I have said to you." (ESV)

As Jesus looks toward His return to the heavenly Father, He promises His disciples that they will continue to be aided and guided by God. God the heavenly Father will send the Paraclete, Advocate, or Helper to the disciples in Christ's name. As long as they remain in this world, Christians will still need to be taught and guided. They will continue to need to be reminded of Christ's teachings and how to apply them. Although the Holy Spirit has worked and continues to work in many ways, the central work of the Holy Spirit among Christians is to help them remember and apply the Gospel of Jesus Christ.

Unfortunately, there have been many misunderstandings and distortions of this work of the Holy Spirit among believers. People have gone to extremes, and many have neglected Scripture and Christ's Sacraments in favor of some nebulous "spirituality." However, true spirituality inspired by the Holy Spirit cannot be separated from the written and living Word of our Lord Jesus Christ. The Holy Spirit never contradicts the revelation in Christ. Rather the Holy Spirit brings Scripture to our remembrance, makes it alive, and helps us apply it in our situations!

Ascension Sunday/Easter 7 (year C)- John 17

 This Sunday after the Ascension is also the last Sunday of the Easter season. It looks back to the Resurrection and Ascension of our Lord, and it looks forward the the new outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon believers. The gospel from John 17:20-26 is related to both these themes. This reading is a selection from Christ’s Farewell Discourses in John’s Gospel.  More precisely, it is from the chapter sometimes called Jesus’ High Priestly Prayer. In this prayer, our Lord looks to the time after His Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension. He prays to the Father in the disciples’ presence. He prays for their faith, perseverance, and unity. Notice in John 17:20 that Christ does not merely pray for the Twelve “but also for those who will believe in me through their word…”  (ESV) That means that Jesus prays for all His followers, including us. That was true when He was on earth and is still true.

Let us notice some aspects of Christ’s Prayer. 1) Jesus prays that His followers may be one, may be unified. However, His words in John 17:21-22 make it clear that Christ is not talking about some man-made organizational or political unity. While greater fellowship and acceptance among denominations and congregations can sometimes be very good, especially when rooted in common faith and convictions, true unity is more spiritual and moral in character. True unity among believers is rooted in the eternal, holy, and loving unity of the divine Trinity. 

2) This unity among believers has a missional side. This aspect is mentioned in the second half of John 17:23, “so that the world may know that you sent me and loved them even as you loved me.” When Christians sincerely love one another, we not only honor God and help one another, we also witness to our faith before an unbelieving world. Loving one another does not mean that we have to agree on every minor detail or practice. However, we should be kind, be willing to acknowledge our own imperfections, and seek to speak the truth in love. This is what God expects, and it is good for the Christian mission to the world.

3) In the final verses of our Gospel, Jesus emphasizes the heavenly goal. In John 17:24, He prays, “Father, I desire that they also, whom you have given me, may be with me where I am…” (ESV) This refers to vibrant and eternal life with the Father and the Son, based on divine love. In popular language, the goal is going to heaven. Because of the divine unity in love, and the love of Christ for us, we have hope of better and everlasting life.

In conclusion, until Christ calls us to the place He has prepared for us, we are called to repent of our sins, seek divine grace and love, and faithfully affirm the teachings of Scripture and the Creeds. We are to look to our crucified, risen and ascended Lord in prayer. And we are to seek to grow in divine love for God, for people in general, and for our fellow believers in particular.

Ascension Day- Acts 1:1-11; Luke 24: 44-53

 This year, Thursday, May 29, is Ascension Day, the fortieth day after Easter. The Ascension is an important teaching of Scripture (Luke 24; Acts 1; Matthew 28; Mark 16; John 20; Ephesians 1 & 4), and it is a core Christian belief affirmed in the ancient creeds. Unfortunately in our time, this key event in Christ's ministry is often overlooked, and it deserves more attention.

Among the many meanings of the Ascension of Christ, here are three key points. 1) The Ascension marks the end of Jesus' Resurrection manifestations to the band of original disciples, the completion of His earthly ministry, and Jesus' return to His heavenly Father. 2) The Ascension also points toward and prepares for Pentecost. As Christ tells His followers more than once in the "Farewell Discourses" in the Gospel according to John, His return to the Father will lead to a new and powerful working of God the Holy Spirit among them. Christ's return to heaven means that the mission of His disciples can become less local and more universal. 3) Christ's Ascension also means that His followers have a heavenly mediator and intercessor at the right hand of the Father. From heaven, our Lord Jesus Christ watches over us in all places and at all times. He intercedes for our physical, mental, and spiritual well-being and for our eternal salvation. 

Thus, we see that Christ's Ascension ties many Christian beliefs together. It reminds us of all that Jesus Christ has done and is doing to pour His grace into our lives. It is an affirmation of Jesus' earthly ministry and His Resurrection. It is a kind of seal of divine approval on the Incarnation. The Ascension is also a concrete illustration of His continuing work as our unique heavenly intercessor and mediator. In addition, as the angels tell the disciples in Acts 1, the Ascension is a reminder of the Christian hope that Jesus Christ will come again to complete earthly history. Thanks be to God for our crucified, risen, and ascended Savior!

Easter 6 (year C)- John 16:33

The Gospel appointed for this Sunday (John 16:23-33) is from Jesus' Farewell Discourses on Thursday night before His crucifixion, and it is especially appropriate for the Sunday before the Ascension. The theme is in the words, "Whatever ye shall ask the Father in my name, he will give it you" (16:33b). This is a bold claim and has been misunderstood by some. Using Christ's name in Christian prayer is an ancient and laudable practice, but the real meaning goes beyond certain liturgical formulae. We truly pray in Christ's name when we approach the Father in Christlike humility. Such prayer includes the attitude of Christ in Gethsemane: "nevertheless not what I will but what thou wilt" (Mark 14:36b). What the Father gives us is through our participation in Christ and in accord with His great purposes of redemption. When we pray in that spirit, God is doing greater things for us than we, in our human limitations, can comprehend.

The Sixth Sunday of Easter was traditionally called Rogation Sunday (from a Latin word for prayer), and our Gospel was applied in a special way to encourage processions and litanies for good planting and crops. At the time of the 16th-century Reformation, practices were simplified, but Rogation Sunday continued as an occasion of prayers for agriculture. Although many modern people are far removed from the agricultural way of life, it is good for us to continue to be aware of and pray for the natural cycle that sustains earthly life.  Furthermore, as we approach Ascension Day, it is appropriate that we be more aware of Christ as our heavenly Intercessor; it is in His name and spirit that we are to offer up all our prayers.

Easter 5 (year C)- John 16:12-22

The Gospel for this Fifth Sunday of Easter is John 16:12-22. Like some other selections during this season, these verses are from our Lord's Farewell Discourses to the Twelve on the Thursday evening when He was handed over to Jerusalem authorities. In these discourses, our Lord is responding to the misunderstandings and worries of the disciples. He is about to go away (first through His Passion and Death, later through His Ascension). He strengthens and encourages His followers by speaking of the Comforter, the Holy Spirit. In John 16:13, Jesus says, "when he, the Spirit of truth is come, he will guide you into all truth..." (KJV). Then in John 16:15, Christ asserts, “All things that the Father hath are mine: therefore said I, that he [the Holy Spirit] shall take of mine, and shall shew it unto you.”

The situation of the disciples changes. Jesus is no longer with them in the flesh, but the work of the Holy Spirit will continue Christ’s earthly ministry.  The Holy Spirit is not confined by location, ethnicity, language, or time. The Spirit guides believers into truth. Yet, this truth is not some new message. It is the same eternal truth that has been revealed by God the Father to Israel over the ages. And it is the same truth revealed in the earthly life of Jesus Christ. 

So the truth is Trinitarian. It comes from God the unseen heavenly Father. It has been made known by the divine Word over the ages and finally become incarnate in Jesus. This same eternal truth also works through the Holy Spirit. It will continue to work in the world until the end of history. The Spirit of Truth works in many ways, but chiefly He works through the Scriptures. He works in the church as the community of believers, and He works in the lives of faithful individuals.

Our verses from John 16 proclaim a simple and clear basic point. The work of the Spirit comes from God the Father, and it is consistent with the revelation of Jesus Christ, the eternal Word of God. The work of the Holy Spirit is not a new or separate revelation; it is a series of living applications of the divine truth already revealed, especially revealed in Jesus Christ. This is good news!

Easter 4 (year C)- Good Shepherd- John 10:22-30

 On the Fourth Sunday of Easter, the Psalm and the Gospel reading point us to the theme of Christ as the Good Shepherd. In other years, the Gospel for this Sunday consists of the first paragraphs of John 10. In those verses, Jesus focuses upon His identity as the Good Shepherd, upon His laying down His life and taking it up again for the sake of His flock. In this year's selection from John 10:22-30, our Lord focuses upon the application to His followers.  Key verses are John 10:27-28 (ESV) where Jesus says, "My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. I give them eternal life, and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand." 

These Gospel verses emphasize the dominion of the Good Shepherd over His sheep. His divine rule is assuring. Many Christians have spoken about assurance, but sometimes they have seemed confused about where Christian assurance lies. Some locate assurance in church structures or human ceremonies. Some locate assurance in good behavior. Some others locate assurance in emotions or feelings. While appreciating church tradition, moral conduct, and personal feelings may be helpful at times, such human factors are not the source of true Christian assurance. The basic foundation of Christian assurance is Jesus Christ Himself and in His gospel expressed in Holy Scripture. Our verses from John 10 point us to this foundation. Faithful followers of Christ cannot be snatched from His hands. Our true assurance is in the eternal Word made flesh, Jesus Christ, God the Son, our Lord, our Savior, our Good Shepherd!

Easter 3 (year C)- John 21:1-19

 The Gospel for this Third Sunday of Easter is John 21:1-14 (15-19). The passage begins with the miraculous catch of fish. This miracle is meaningful in itself and recalls a similar catch near the beginning of Jesus' ministry (Luke 5). Both catches of fish show Jesus' lordship over nature, and both have implications for the disciples' vocation and mission. Yet, because of the Resurrection, there is even greater significance on this occasion recorded in John.

After Jesus' earthly ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection, the risen Christ gives the apostolic group a new perspective. Besides reminding them of His dominion over nature, Jesus offers them a sign of reconciliation. That is, He offers table fellowship through a breakfast of bread and fish. After the meal, Jesus devotes special attention to Simon Peter. Of course, outspoken Peter had lost his nerve during Christ's Passion and denied the Lord three times. Thus, in John 21, our Lord asks if Peter loves Him three times and calls him to ministry three times. Through this event, Peter is re-established in his apostolic vocation and prepared for his future mission by the risen Christ.

So we see the Easter theme of the restoration of the Apostles. Despite their human failings, Peter and the others are reconciled, reminded of their previous calling, and prepared through Christ's final teaching and fellowship. They are called again to serve the risen Lord. Every Christian needs to hear this message from our risen Lord. We all have been poor followers of Christ in one or more ways, but He does not give up on us. He keeps calling us and restoring us. May the grace of the risen Christ renew our sense of vocation and mission during the Easter season!

Easter 2 (year C)- John 20:19-31

The Gospel for the Second Sunday of Easter is John 20:19-31. In it, the risen Christ appears to ten apostles, and then a week later the appears to them and Thomas. When He comes, Jesus blesses the disciples with divine peace. Even after the first reports of Jesus’ resurrection, the disciples were fearful and timid. So the risen Lord came to where they were locked in. He came to change them. He brought greetings in the common Jewish manner, saying “Peace be with you,” in Hebrew shalom alechem. 

In the Bible, this greeting is more than a hello. It is always an implied prayer for God’s peace. Now in light of Christ’s resurrection, the greeting becomes a specific blessing from the risen Lord. Jesus is the embodiment of God’s peace. He has established a new and lasting relationship with the heavenly Father for all who truly believe in Him. After everything that has happened, the disciples need peace. They need Jesus' assurance that He has not returned to judge them for their weakness. Yet, Jesus does not stop there. After comforting them, Jesus adds a commission or a call to action. As the heavenly Father has sent Him, likewise Christ sends the apostles and through them, His whole Church. Jesus shares His resurrection victory over sin and spiritual death with His disciples. He gives the apostles the authority and the mission to proclaim His forgiveness and peace.  Christ's followers are to share the message with others. Jesus Christ is risen and alive, and His peace is to be spread. His followers are to continue His work in the world by calling people to repentance and faith.

In Scripture, peace has many implications, but ultimately peace is about relationships between God and human beings. The resurrection of Jesus is the high point of scriptural teachings about peace. Although faith in the risen Lord can contribute to other types of peace, it is basically an offer of peace with God. Christ's peace removes our estrangement from God; it offers us new eternal life in God’s holy and merciful presence.

Christ’s words to His followers also point us to our mission in this world. The peace of His resurrection is not some private possession. It is not a secret that we are to keep to ourselves. The risen Christ comes to His apostles in peace so that they can share the joy of His spiritual peace with others. He commissions them to share the peace brought by His victory over sin and death.

In Lutheran thought, pastors have a special role in sharing this divine peace in Word and Sacrament. Nevertheless, we must not confine our thoughts of sharing peace to the pastoral office. The risen Lord’s commission to the apostles is also to the whole Body of Christ, to the entire membership of Christ’s Church. All believers ought to affirm in word and deed that Jesus Christ has brought us spiritual peace through His resurrection. He is also ready, able, and willing to overcome evil in the lives of all who have faith. All of us are called to witness to God’s peace in Christ Jesus. Despite our human failures, by grace, we can all become greater channels of Christ’s peace to the people around us.

Easter Sunday (year C)- Luke 24: 1-12

 This year, the Gospel is Luke 24:1-12. This resurrection account is similar to other reports, but Luke has a unique way of telling the story. He simply says "they" came to the tomb and does not say who these women were until verse 10. The women find the tomb open with Jesus' body missing, and they are perplexed. This perplexity turns to amazement when two angelic beings tell them that Jesus has risen from the dead as He predicted. The women accept this message and return to share it with the eleven apostles and others. However, the men hesitate to believe the women's report. Peter has to go see for himself, and even then, his initial response to the empty tomb is merely wonder.

Luke's account highlights two points about the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. First, the events of Holy Week had traumatized the disciples. They had not really understood or appreciated the divine plan for salvation in Jesus Christ. Although they loved Him, they had not really listened. They had not expected His crucifixion or His resurrection. They were shocked and depressed, and they were slow to understand the meaning of the empty tomb.

Secondly, as this passage starts to show and other accounts develop further, Christ's disciples slowly came to believe firmly in His resurrection. If anything, the initial discouragement, perplexity, and surprise of the disciples make their later witness to the resurrection more powerful. The disciples were not confident plotters trying to mislead others. They were humble people transformed by divine revelation and miraculous grace. Let us pray that the same divine revelation and grace may transform us into witnesses for the risen Lord Jesus!

Good Friday- The Passion of our Lord according to St. John

Good Friday is one of the most important and solemn observances of the Christian year. Lutherans and other Christians have developed a variety of devotions appropriate for the day. One of my favorites is a timeline based on Scripture. Some timelines draw together the different Passion accounts, but several years ago, I developed the following one based on St. John chapters 18 and 19. This timeline along with traditional prayers has served as a good basis for my reflections.

Friday morning just after midnight - Confrontation in Garden and Jesus' Arrest (John 18:1-12)

Friday early morning hours– Jesus is taken to the house of Annas, former High Priest; Peter's first denial; Jesus receives initial physical abuse (John 18:13-23);

Jesus sent to the High Priest Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin Court –Peter's second and third denials; Jesus bloodied by abuse (John 18:24-27).

Friday 6:00 a.m.-8:30 a.m. - Hearing before the Roman governor Pilate; Pilate tries to release Jesus but the Judean mob objects and prefers the release of Barabas (John 18:28-40).

Pilate has Jesus beaten.- Pilate's Roman soldiers take Jesus into the court ("Praetorium") and engage in mockery and torture, including a brutal crown of thorns (John 19:1-3).

Pilate hesitates but the mob still cries out against Jesus (John 19:4-15).

Friday 9:00 a.m.-12:00 noon - Pilate hands Jesus over for crucifixion. Weakened by interrogations, sleep deprivation, and beatings, Jesus is forced to carry his own cross to the place of execution; then He is crucified under the charge of being "King of the Jews" (John 19:16-22).

The soldiers cast lots for His garments (John 19:23-24).

Friday 12:00 noon - 3:00 p.m. - Jesus continues to suffer on the cross. His mother, other women followers, and one male disciple (usually identified as John) remain with Him. Jesus commends His mother into the disciple's care (John 19:25-29).

Friday 3:00 p.m. - Death: Jesus says, "It is finished" and expires. The soldiers do not even bother to break His legs, but one pierces His side with a spear (John 19:30-37).

Friday before sunset - Burial: With the Sabbath approaching, Joseph of Arimethea and Nicodemus make arrangements for a quick but respectful burial in a nearby rock tomb (John 19:38-42)

Maundy Thursday/Holy Thursday- Luke 22: 7-20

One reading for this occasion is Luke 22:7-20, one account of the Lord's Supper. Historically, Lutherans have had strong theological opinions about the Sacrament. We have been clear that this Sacrament instituted by our Lord is more than simply an act of remembrance. Jesus is the Lamb of God who takes away sin and death by offering Himself on the cross. Lutherans affirm that in some mysterious and unique way, Jesus comes to be with us tangibly along with the consecrated bread and the wine.

The proper minister or celebrant uses Christ's Words of Institution to bless the bread and the wine and assures believers of Christ's living presence in, with, and under the physical elements. Jesus brings us His forgiving and strengthening grace through the outward means that He established. We are offered His grace whenever we observe the Lord's Supper/Holy Communion/Eucharist. We are called to repent and receive the Sacrament in faith and in reverence.

Hopefully, we can enjoy this great gift as we commemorate its institution on this Thursday of Holy Week. Unfortunately, external circumstances or schedules make it impossible for some to gather and receive the Sacrament on this day. Yet, we can still meditate upon the Scriptural accounts and contemplate the Lord's Supper. Looking to past and future observances of the Sacrament, we can still pray for Christ to come and be with us wherever we are. Thanks be to God for Christ's unique and real Presence in the Lord's Supper and for His spiritual presence with believers scattered throughout the world!

Palm Sunday-Lent 6 (year C)- Philippians 2

 Many people know this Sunday as Palm Sunday from the Gospel accounts of Jesus entering Jerusalem on this day.  Many also expect the reading of a long account of Christ's Passion. Although the events are distinctive, the two readings from the Gospel tell us what happened this week. Jesus our Lord was glorified and then rejected and horribly killed.  As human beings, we may have some difficulty keeping these two aspects of Holy Week together in our thoughts. Yet, they belong together, and in the Epistle from Philippians 2, the Apostle Paul ties the themes together in a beautiful way. 

Philippians 2: 5 -11 reads: Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: but made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: and being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name: that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

This passage from Philippians may be an early Christian creedal hymn, and the words can be applied to many commemorations of the Christian faith. As we look at them on Palm Sunday, the words are very appropriate at the beginning of Holy Week. Their devotional significance is to draw us closer to the "mind" or attitude of Christ (2:5). The divine and unique Son of God deserves praise as the King of Israel and the King of all creation. Yet, He comes in humility in order to redeem human beings.

We see this humble acceptance of the human condition at His birth and throughout His earthly ministry, but it culminates in Holy Week and Good Friday: "He humbled Himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross" (Phil. 2:8). These words summarize the details of the Passion Gospels. Christ voluntarily humbled Himself. The divine Son became the servant so that He could accomplish the ultimate obedience to holy principles, obedience unto death which had no rightful dominion over Him. Furthermore, the death He accepted was not just any death but death upon the cross. He accepted crucifixion, one of the most degrading and horrifying means of torture and execution devised by cruel men. Our Lord expresses His glory through the humility of the cross!

Lent 5 (year C)- Luke 20:9-20

The Fifth Sunday in Lent dwells more strongly on the theme of Christ's Passion, and the Gospel for the day from Luke 20:9-20 emphasizes this theme, The parable of the Wicked Husbandmen, also known as the parable of the Wicked Tenants, points to the growing tension between Jesus and the Jerusalem establishment. In this story form, our Lord presents His claim to divine Sonship and predicts the response of wicked unfaithful people. They will reject Him, kill Him, and will face the consequences of rebelling against their true master. The religious leaders understand Christ's meaning, and they accelerate their plots to eliminate Him.

The last two weeks of Lent emphasize a major theme of the Christian message. That theme is that human rebellion against God leads to Christ's suffering and death. If unrepented, it also leads to divine wrath. Sinful people oppose Jesus Christ most directly when they recognize and despise His claim to be God's Son. This warning applies to all of us. As we move toward the commemoration of Christ's Cross, let us be aware that we too share in the rebellion against God. We just like people in the first century have been disloyal and selfish tenants of our divine master. So we are called to repent. We should also seek to be more appreciative of Christ's sufferings for our sake. And in gratitude for Jesus' redemptive work, we should turn to Him in faith and love.

Lent 4 (year C)- Luke 15: 11-32

 The Gospel for this Fourth Sunday in Lent from St. Luke 15:11-32 is well known. In fact, it might seem so familiar that we overlook its meaning. It has been called the Parable of the Prodigal Son, and the prodigal or wasteful son is certainly important, but we should notice that there are three central characters in the story: 1) the ungrateful and wasteful son who repents and returns home, 2)  the legalistic and resentful older brother who is jealous and hurt, and 3) the merciful, gracious, and forgiving father who celebrates the prodigal's return and admonishes the self-righteous older son.

Focusing on any of the three characters can provide much food for thought. All human beings share characteristics of the prodigal or wasteful son and of the older self-righteous and resentful son. Like both sons, we need changes in our thoughts and in our behavior. Reading this parable during Lent is a special reminder that all God's sinful children are called to repent. Only by doing so can we open ourselves to depths of divine love.

However, as important as each son is, the central character in the parable is the loving father. This father exemplifies the qualities of God the Father. He cares for both sons and wants what is best for them. He also respects their freedom and allows them to develop in their individual ways. He gives them guidance and sustenance, and He is saddened when they misunderstand Him, make mistakes, and stray in their different ways. Nevertheless, His love endures and is ready to express itself anew if His children repent and return in humility and trust. In His graciousness, God is ready to rejoice and have a feast when penitents return. We all have such a loving, gracious, and forgiving heavenly Father; so let us arise and go to Him in humility.

Annunciation- 25 March- Luke 1:26-38

Many contemporary Lutherans and other Christians probably only think of the Annunciation of Christ to the Virgin Mary during Advent, but March 25 has been the traditional feast day since the early centuries of Christianity. This observance remains a fitting time for reflection on the Gospel from Luke 1. On this day, we think of many things: the redemptive purpose of God the Father, the mystery of Christ's Incarnation, the splendor of the messenger Gabriel, and the gracious humility and faithful obedience of the Virgin Mary. Since this observance occurs during Lent, we also realize that all aspects of the Annunciation receive their meaning through the Cross, Passion, and Resurrection of the One whose Birth is announced.

The message of the Gospel is a meaningful whole. From the Annunciation to Christmas, the Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension, the Gospel proclaims God's amazing, unique, and saving grace expressed through His only-begotten Son Jesus. Every Sunday and every day, we should reflect on the offer of salvation and faithful responses. We need to hear the good news of redemption through Jesus Christ again and again!

Lent 3 (year C)- Luke 13:1-9

The Gospel from Luke 13:1-9 contains two sections. In the first part, Jesus refers to two contemporary events in Palestine where people died. One of these events was a political occurrence where Pilate's soldiers killed worshippers. The other event was an accident where a tower collapsed on a group. Both of these events serve as warnings. The people who died were not especially evil, but their deaths can serve as reminders that life is fragile and that all will stand before divine judgment. 

In the second section of our Gospel, our Lord tells a parable about a fig tree that is slow to produce fruit. The owner is ready to chop down the fig tree, but the vineyard keeper convinces the owner to give the tree another chance. After more time and effort, the fate of the fig tree depends on how it responds. This parable is also a warning about judgment. Jesus is saying that people who receive opportunities to grow must change or face destruction.

Both sections of this Gospel apply to all human beings.  As long as we live, we are called to repent and respond to God before judgment comes. Our faith should produce results. Lent is a special reminder of this truth. We should use our days to repent, turn to God in faith, and bear good fruit. God is both merciful and just. He gives us great opportunities, but He also expects faithful responses.

Lent 2 (year C)- Luke 13:31-35

In the Gospel for the Second Sunday in Lent, our Lord looks toward the remainder of His ministry with realistic commitment. He says, "I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the day following, for it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem" (Luke 13:33 ESV). He knows what awaits but will not be turned away from His calling. Despite worldly opposition, He must fulfill His ministry and mission. He will be faithful and leave the outcome in His heavenly Father's hands. 

Although our callings are far from being as great as that of our Lord Jesus, we are called to respond with Christ-like commitment. As we journey through the Christian life, there are physical and spiritual obstacles and dangers. But we must not be distracted from our Christian callings. We must be faithful and persistent. We strive to do what God requires of us without focusing on the dangers. With the help of divine grace, we seek to live and act in faith today and tomorrow, and we leave the future in God's hands.

Lent 1 (year C)- Luke 4

 This year the Gospel for the First Sunday in Lent is from Luke 4:1-13. This selection is one of the accounts of  Jesus' temptation in the wilderness. As our Lord began His public ministry, He took time apart for prayer and fasting. Near the end of this time, the Tempter sought to catch Jesus in a moment of weakness. 

Satan used three basic human needs as points of spiritual attack. First, there was the physical need to care for the body- in this case, the need for food. Secondly, there was the human need for safe surroundings- in this case, political surroundings. Thirdly, there was the human desire for social contact and affirmation- in this case, the temptation to seek public approval by a showy display. Although the human nature of Jesus was tried, He was able to resist these temptations because of His unique divine nature. He remained connected with the Father and the Holy Spirit. Thus, Jesus overcame these temptations and did not sin. He also overcame temptation throughout His earthly life, death, and resurrection, and thus He won a victory for all humanity.

Unfortunately, even the most dedicated Christians do not have the spiritual perfection of our Lord, and we often succumb to one temptation or another. Still, we do have hope. Through our Christian baptism and through faith in Jesus Christ, His grace can strengthen us to resist many temptations. And when we do fail, His grace can lead us to seek repentance and renewal. Temptations to evil are bound to come, but there is good news.  Jesus Christ has conquered Satan, sin, and death, and He offers us His gracious help each and every day!

Ash Wednesday - Joel 2; Matthew 6

The Scripture readings for the First Day of Lent, traditionally called Ash Wednesday, speak of religious disciplines and devotions. Joel 2 speaks of Israel's need for repentance and special acts of renewal such as fasting. The Gospel from St. Matthew 6 makes it clear that a disciple's attitude in fasting is very important. Our Lord assumes that His followers will fast, but He warns against being hypocritical or ostentatious. Scripture in general and our readings today point us to the importance of our attitudes in religious matters. The key to observing Ash Wednesday and the Lenten season properly lies in attitude. Acts of self-discipline and devotion are useful and sometimes much-needed, but our attitudes are more significant. Our lessons stress the spiritual aspects of fasting and repentance.

Some external acts of devotion such as special prayers, fasting, Bible study, and charitable giving can be valuable. These and other practices can be expressions of faith and renewal. However, the most important aspects of Lent are not our external disciplines; the most important aspects of Lent are remembering what God has done through Jesus Christ and growing in a faithful attitude toward Christ. In all we think, say, and do, we are called to repent, turn to Christ, and respond to Him in living faith. So during Lent, let us focus on devotion to God and upon greater appreciation of Christ’s journey toward the Cross. 

Last Sunday of Epiphany-the Transfiguration (year C)- Luke 9: 28-36

The feast of the Transfiguration commemorates an important and mysterious event from the Gospels (e.g., Luke 9:28-36). The Transfiguration provides one of the most distinctive and dramatic manifestations of Jesus' divinity. In the synoptic Gospels, our Lord takes Peter, John, and James up onto a mountain where He has a shining appearance during prayer. Moses and Elijah appear and converse with Jesus, and a divine voice proclaims, "This is my beloved Son; hear him" (Luke 9:35 KJV/NKJV).

Although August 6 has been one date to observe the Transfiguration, beginning in the sixteenth century, Johannes Bugenhagen, Viet Dietrich, and some other Lutherans observed it on the last Sunday before Lent. These Lutherans viewed the Transfiguration as an epiphany or a manifestation of Christ's identity similar in some respects to the coming of the Magi and Christ's Baptism.

This reformation liturgical tradition resurfaced in recent common lectionaries. From the 1970s onward, a Transfiguration gospel has been used on the Last Sunday after the Epiphany (or the Last Sunday before Lent) in all three years among many Lutherans and others. This certainly seems both a biblical and reasonable way to conclude the Epiphany season. It is also an appropriate reminder of our Lord's glory before we enter the somber season of Lent.

Epiphany 7 (year C)- Genesis 45:3-15; Luke 6:27-38

The Old Testament reading from Genesis 45:3-15 is the account of Joseph, who has become prince of Egypt, revealing his identity to the brothers who have sold him into slavery. The brothers are naturally troubled, but Joseph reassures them. He sees the work of divine providence in their lives. In 45:5 and 7, Joseph tells them that God has used events to save them.

The Gospel from Luke 6:27-38 is a series of diverse but related sayings from our Lord. These sayings are in Jesus' "Sermon on the Plain," Luke's parallel to the Sermon on the Mount. The emphasis is on good attitudes and actions expressing love, kindness, and mercy. The basis for such goodness is trust in God the heavenly Father and in His providence. Christ Himself exemplifies such trust or faith, and He asks His followers to trust in providence. Knowing that God cares for us in all circumstances, His grace frees us to pursue a higher and deeper righteousness than human legalism can imagine. As God our Father mercifully cares for us, we should likewise be merciful toward others. Such divine graciousness is the true context for  Christian behavior.

18 February- Martin Luther

 On the 18th day of February 1546, Martin Luther died professing the faith he proclaimed. Luther was an Augustinian friar, a priest, a doctor of theology, a professor of Bible studies, and the great reformer of the Western Church. Although he had his human flaws, Luther was a bold and intelligent Christian preacher and teacher of the Christian Gospel. He emphasized Scripture, the Creeds, Christ as Savior, divine grace, justification by faith, and the importance of the sacraments. He gave rise to the Evangelical Lutheran churches, and his influence has continued to be widespread among many kinds of Christians. So today, we offer a special prayer of thanks for Luther and his work on behalf of the Gospel.

Epiphany 6 (year C)- Luke 6:17-26

 The Gospel from Luke 6:17-26 has some general literary and thematic similarities to the Old Testament reading from Jeremiah  17 and to the assigned Psalm, Psalm 1. All three list several blessings and woes, and Luke 6 contains an account of the Beatitudes, Christ's sayings about who is blessed. Those who are materially and spiritually humble will be blessed; those who trust in outward ease will face woe. 

The goal of human life is learning to trust in God. Our lives receive their meaning through faith in God, not through external worldly status or human accomplishment. In the final analysis, the blessings in the Gospel Beatitudes should point us to the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. His redeeming work shows the truth of His teaching, and He is the source of true blessings. Woe to those whose trust is in the things of this world, but blessed are those who seek the kingdom of God!

Epiphany 5 (year C)- Luke 5:1-11

The Gospel from Luke 5:1-11 is an account where Jesus calls some of His first disciples, the Galilean fishermen. After preaching to the crowd, He guides the fishermen to such an unusually great catch. This powerful miracle frightens them. Simon Peter and the others are aware of their sin and unworthiness, but Jesus reassures them and calls them to catch men for the Kingdom. 

Like the first reading from Isaiah 6, this Gospel is a call story, and it applies to more than just the ancient prophets and apostles. God still chooses ordinary people to assist in His work. Those called are right to sense their unworthiness for such work, but the divine call and grace are stronger than human frailty. The details of our individual vocations differ, but all believers are called to become instruments for drawing people closer to God. Despite our unworthiness, we are to become witnesses to God's Word in what we believe, say, and do.

Epiphany 4 (year C)- Luke 4:31-44

 The Gospel from St. Luke 4:31-44 provides a picture of Jesus' early public ministry in Galilee, especially centered around Capernaum. During this period, He teaches and preaches in the synagogues on the Sabbath. Our Lord also engages in a healing ministry. Let us notice two aspects of His healing work. 1) There are extraordinary spiritual healings from evil spirits. Jesus overcomes the destructive power of evil through His holy divine power. 2) There were also miraculous healings from physical afflictions, such as the fever or infection suffered by Peter's mother-in-law. The goal of the healings is also to proclaim or "preach the kingdom of God" (Luke 4:43).

In both word and deed in His earthly ministry, Christ proclaimed the heavenly Father's holy, mighty, and gracious rule over the spiritual realm, over nature, and over human life. Through Word and Sacrament, our Lord is still at work. The living Christ still brings the kingdom of God into this fallen world and into our lives. May we be open to His gracious power which can redeem and heal our lives!

Epiphany 3 (year C)- Luke 4:16-30

The Gospel for this Third Sunday after Epiphany is  Luke 4:16-30. The passage is set early in our Lord's public ministry when He returns to Nazareth after initial work in Capernaum. This account shows several points. We are reminded that attendance at synagogue worship was a Sabbath practice for Jesus. We also see a sample of His teaching. Jesus applies the prophet Isaiah's words about the messianic Servant to Himself and His work. On a superficial level, the local crowd admires Him, but when Jesus starts hinting at a wider mission, especially one involving Gentiles, the crowd turns angry and threatening.

Thus, the Nazareth crowd recognizes  Jesus as a teacher, but they do not accept what He teaches. The crowd quickly moves from familiarity to resistance and then to open hostility. This sort of dynamic still occurs in reactions to Jesus and His message. Many people give Jesus Christ superficial praise without accepting Him or His teachings. Some people minimize His importance, and then they move on to resistance, especially to His message of divine redemption offered to people of all times, places, and backgrounds.

The Epiphany season is a reminder that Christ's Gospel can be a challenge. Jesus asks for more than politeness. He points out that all humans are sinners who need to repent and accept His gracious redemption which is offered to all kinds of people, The good news is not just for certain kinds of favored people. It is for people of any background who hear the Gospel and who, through grace, repent and respond with faith in Jesus Christ. May we be people who respond with such faith, and may we be people who share the message with others!

Epiphany 2 (year C)- John 2

 The Gospel for the Second Sunday after Epiphany recounts the miracle of the water turned into wine  (John 2:1-11).  This story has several associations. For example, this story does show that Christ graced the wedding with His presence and blessing, and there are times when we do well to focus on that connection. However, the central point of the story in John's Gospel especially at this time in the church year lies elsewhere.

The key issue is Christ's action and His disciples' response to Him. The miracle is a sign of who Jesus is. He is God's anointed, and He is Lord over creation. He transforms the purification waters of the Mosaic covenant into the best wine of the new covenant. He manifested His glory, "and His disciples believed in Him" (John 2:11). 

Although the disciples were slow to grow in faith, here they made an appropriate response. They saw that God was working through Jesus in a unique way. The disciples responded to this epiphany or manifestation of divine glory in faith. May we also respond to such signs by faith in Christ!

Epiphany 1 (year C)- Luke 3: 21-22

The Gospel for this First Sunday after Epiphany, Luke 3:15-22, points to one of the oldest themes of Epiphany. That theme is the epiphany or manifestation of divine glory when Jesus was baptized by John in the Jordan.  Luke tells us, "Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened, And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased." (Luke 3:21-22 KJV). 

This event involves all three Persons of the Holy Trinity. By coming to John to be baptized, Jesus fulfills all righteousness and shows His dedication to His ministry. Jesus needs no purification, but He does receive a special outpouring of the Holy Spirit on His human nature as He began His public ministry. And the heavenly voice acknowledges Him as the Son of God. This moment is a unique manifestation or epiphany of the divine glory in Christ. It points ahead to His whole public ministry and work for human salvation. It also calls us to respond to Christ in faith.

Epiphany- Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:1-12

There are many things that we can think about at the Feast of the Epiphany, especially about the story of the Magi or Wise Men. Of course, these Eastern scholars and holy men were intelligent and learned in the disciplines of the time. In particular, they had a good knowledge of the skies. They also seem to have been people of natural goodwill and religious longings for redemption.

Yet, Matthew 2 shows that all their natural capacities only carried them so far. They needed more than their natural knowledge to find the Christ Child. In Jerusalem, they needed guidance from Jewish scholars of Scripture. Although many of these Jerusalem priests and scribes were not very spiritually sensitive, they did pay attention to Holy Scripture. And the Wise Men needed to learn from Scripture. The Judean scholars of Scripture pointed them to Micah 5, verse 2 where the prophet speaks of a great new ruler born in King David’s hometown, Bethlehem. The Wise Men were only able to complete their pilgrimage with this Biblical basis.

Thus, as important as natural knowledge and hopes are, they are not enough. They can not in themselves bring us to the Savior. Like the Wise Men, we need guidance from Holy Scripture. The natural world and our human nature can help point us toward our King, but we need more specific guidance from the prophets, evangelists, and apostles inspired by the Holy Spirit to write the Bible. Our Savior is not some unidentified light in the skies; our Savior is the One spoken of by the Scriptures. Jesus Christ is not some vague idea; He is the personal Incarnation and Revelation of God. He is the One born in Bethlehem, the same One later crucified and raised from the dead at Jerusalem and ascended into heaven. The manifestation of God suggested through nature must find completion in the specifics of divine revelation.